Wikipedia:Stubborn Army

Stubborn Army is the term used by the Chinese Communist Party during the Second Sino-Japanese War, referring to the armies of the Stubborn gang of Kuomintang (being part of the National Revolutionary Army, now the Republic of China Armed Forces), which were against the Communist Party.

The Stubborn Army being mentioned by the Communist Party usually refers to the Kuomintang armies which were inhibiting the development of the Communist Party during the Second Sino-Japanese War, part of them took part in fighting the Japanese. Whenever the Chinese Communist army had a conflict with these armies, the Communists called them "Stubborn Armies", which means "stubbornly anti-Communist".